Banca de DEFESA: EDUARDO MEDEIROS DE OLIVEIRA

Uma banca de DEFESA de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
DISCENTE: EDUARDO MEDEIROS DE OLIVEIRA
DATA: 01/11/2024
HORA: 14:00
LOCAL: DCS02
TÍTULO:

COVER CROP MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND SOIL QUALITY IN RELATION TO WATER EROSION IN OLIVE ORCHARDS IN THE TROPICAL REGION

PALAVRAS-CHAVES:

Electrical resistivity. Olea europaea L. Soil health. Soil morphology. 

PÁGINAS: 98
GRANDE ÁREA: Ciências Agrárias
ÁREA: Agronomia
SUBÁREA: Ciência do Solo
ESPECIALIDADE: Manejo e Conservação do Solo
RESUMO:

Soil quality is the ability of the soil to function to sustain animal and plant productivity, maintain or improve water and air quality, and provide shelter and human health. The soil quality influences the balance and productivity of an ecosystem and its surrounding environment; however, defining and quantifying this aspect has proven to be a challenging task, but in order to conserve and manage soils for future generations, their quality must be defined to encompass the facets of soil functions. Traditionally, chemical, physical and biological soil attributes have been the main indicators used to assess soil quality, but few studies focus on assessing soil quality in a way that includes the chemical, physical and biological indicators of the soil in an integrated manner, which means that there are still gaps to be filled in order to advance in the assessment of soil quality, especially in different production systems in regions that are susceptible to rapid degradation due to water erosion, as is the case of the upland olive production environments in Brazil. Thus, the general aim of this thesis was to assess the soil quality and mitigate water erosion in tropical olive orchards under different cover crop management systems. To address the objectives, this thesis was structured into three papers. The first paper evaluates the use of different cover crop management systems in soil structure and microstructure through field analysis and micromorphology. We found that bare soil degraded the soil structure, reducing the Horizon A and the porosity of the soil, and negatively influencing the pore shape and size distribution. Fragments of illuvial clay films were observed, which are relics of a possible Ultisol formed in situ and degraded by erosion to the current condition of Inceptisol, or eroded upstream and with material transported to the current site. The second paper used the soil electrical resistivity and soil water content relationship with different landscapes position to evaluate the effect of cover crop management in olive orchards. As a result, the electrical resistivity method applied to the experimental area proved to be a valid tool for inferring the amount and distribution of soil moisture in a tropical Inceptisol. A calibration model specific to each land use was developed to establish a correlation between soil electrical resistivity and water content. The models showed remarkable accuracy, providing a robust estimate of water content. The electrical resistivity evaluations made it possible to associate changes in ρ (or inferred θ) with the adoption of different soil conservation management systems and to interpret the complex processes acting on the soil-plant system. Finally, the last paper evaluated the soil quality for each use. Key findings include that soil and water losses are negatively correlated to soil quality indices. Cover crop management systems improve soil quality and reduce water erosion. Spontaneous vegetation as cover crop showed better results in soil quality. Olive on bare soil can highlighting environmental degradation over the years. Cover crop management requires care to conciliate with olive plantation growth.

MEMBROS DA BANCA:
Interno - YURI LOPES ZINN (Membro)
Externo à Instituição - VALDINAR FERREIRA MELO - UFRR (Membro)
Externo ao Programa - PEDRO MARANHA PECHE - DAG/ESAL (Membro)
Presidente - MARX LEANDRO NAVES SILVA (Membro)
Externo à Instituição - FÁBIO AURÉLIO DIAS MARTINS - EPAMIG (Suplente)
Externo ao Programa - DIEGO TASSINARI - DCS/ESAL (Membro)
Externo à Instituição - DIEGO ANTÔNIO FRANÇA DE FREITAS - UFV (Suplente)