Carbon sequestration and storage by tropical urban vegetation
Tropics, Carbon Cycle, Urbanization, Urban Green Spaces, Ecosystem Services
Urban vegetation plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration and storage (CSS), contributing to climate change mitigation. Nevertheless, there is a lack of a synthesized comprehension on carbon ecosystem services promoted by urban tropical green areas. We investigated how the CSS of the global tropical urban vegetation responds to ecological and anthropogenic environmental patterns by synthesis of the current literature. We found 72 papers studying carbon data in 77 cities of 26 countries and 4 continents in the global tropical region. All carbon data obtained in the review showed an average of 2.92 (± 3.82) Mg C ha-1 year-1 and 89.77 (± 122.91) Mg C ha-1 for sequestration and storage respectively. Using effect size and linear models, we analyzed the CSS response to temperature, precipitation, urban intensities and urban green spaces (UGS). Urban vegetation showed a significant but highly variable capacity for CSS, influenced primarily by urbanization and UGS rather than climatic factors. Low urbanization and woodland UGS were responsible for local positive effects on carbon storage compared to high urbanization and adjacent green in built-up areas with more pronounced negative effects. However, the tropical regions of the Southern Hemisphere remain underrepresented and present limitations in their carbon estimation approach. Our findings underscore the potential of tropical urban vegetation to enhance carbon storage and highlight the necessity of advancements in research on this topic to achieve sustainable and climate-resilient tropical cities in the future.