Development of Functionalized Cellulose Acetate-Conductive Polymer Composite Coatings for Advanced Fabry-Perot Optical Fiber Chemical Sensing Applications
Fabry-Perot optical fiber sensor, Cellulose acetate-polyaniline composite, Optical fiber sensing, pH sensor, Functional coatings.
The increasing demand for compact, highly sensitive, and sustainable sensing technologies has driven the rapid development of functionalized optical fibre sensors for chemical and biological applications. Of these, Fabry-Perot interferometric (FPI) optical fiber sensors offer high sensitivity, compact size, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and real-time sensing capability. However, their performance is highly dependent on the properties of the functional coating. This study investigates the development of cellulose acetate-polyaniline (CA-PANI) composite coatings as functional materials for Fabry-Perot optical fiber pH sensing. Cellulose acetate was dissolved in acetone, while chemically synthesized polyaniline particles were ultrasonically dispersed in chloroform before gradual mixing to produce a homogeneous composite suspension. The composite composition was optimized by varying the polyaniline content from 10 to 40 wt%, with the optimum formulation consisting of 20 wt% polyaniline and 80 wt% cellulose acetate. The optimized composite was deposited onto Fabry-Perot optical fiber tips using a controlled drop-casting technique, and the coating thickness was optimized through successive deposition cycles. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of continuous, well-adhered coatings with uniform polyaniline dispersion. Optical characterization revealed well-defined interference fringes within the 1500–1600 nm wavelength range, confirming successful Fabry-Perot cavity formation. The functionalized sensor exhibited measurable spectral responses to Britton-Robinson buffer (BR 0.1 mol/L) solutions over the pH range of 2.0 to 6.0, indicating the sensitivity of the CA-PANI coating to hydrogen ion concentration. These findings establish the CA-PANI composite as a promising functional material for Fabry-Perot optical fiber pH sensing and provide a foundation for future optimization toward advanced chemical and biosensing applications.